This is the first in a two-part article aimed at trans people who are unsafe in their current living situation and have the funds to escape. I know many of us are solidly trapped, and my heart goes out to everyone who doesn’t have the ability to move, but for many of us moving is the right answer — the only question is where. I didn’t see many guides on the subject, so I did some research and decided to write my own.
This will not be a comprehensive look at all 50 states. If you need to compare a state I didn’t go over, try HRC’s state scorecards as a good starting place. This is solely for convenience for people who are able to move anywhere but don’t know where to begin their search.
California
Let’s deal with the elephant in the room first: California is a very safe place to go if you can afford it. The Gender Non-Discrimination Act lists “gender identity or expression” alongside other protected characteristics throughout the various discrimination statutes. Changing your documentation is streamlined, and you can get an X gender marker on your license if you’re nonbinary. California is also a “safe haven” state for transgender youth, who may be kidnapped and brought back to other states according to their legislature — California refuses to extradite kids in those situations and will protect them. California is the first state in the U.S. to officially ban the use of gay and transgender panic defenses in murder trials. All single-occupancy restrooms must be labeled as gender-neutral, and some cities require all new restrooms built or renovated to be gender-neutral as well.
California is also pretty good on protecting people with disabilities. The state’s Civil Code Sections 54-55.2 specifically grant people with disabilities the same rights as other people to use streets, public spaces, walkways, medical facilities, and other public facilities. Furthermore, a law called FEHA strengthens the protections allowed under the Fair Housing Act and protects against discrimination based on any mental or physical disability.
But the cost of living is… excessive. California is the fourth most expensive state in the country, according to MERIC data gathered in 2022. The only U.S. places that cost more are Hawaii, Washington, D.C., and Massachusetts. You’re going to be hard pressed to rent or buy a place for less than $1,000 a month in California, with the median two-bedroom apartment rent sitting at $1,797, and the average utility prices for the state sit at almost $400 a month on top of that. Both San Francisco and Santa Cruz have median home prices over a million dollars.
Colorado
On May 20, 2021, Colorado H.B. 21-1108 was signed into law expanding prohibitions against discrimination. The law calls out the need to protect all regardless of “disability, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, marital status, national origin, or ancestry” in all places of public accommodation, including schools. Furthermore, all public entities must allow people to use bathrooms congruent with their gender identity. Colorado lawmakers are on the verge of sending Gov. Jared Polis a bill to protect those who receive and provide gender-affirming care, and all health insurance must cover SRS as of this year. Birth certificates have four sex descriptor; “M” (male), “F” (female), “Intersex” and “X”. State IDs and driver’s licenses have three descriptor; male, female and X.
Colorado is one of the fastest-growing states in the US with the population increasing to 5.8 million residents between 2010 and 2020 (14.8%). According to Colorado’s Office of Economic Development and International Trade, the state’s overall cost of living is 12% higher than the national average and is increasing yearly. Part of the reason why the cost of living in Colorado is so high is because of the state’s real estate and housing market, which is 34% more expensive than the national average. Colorado is a flat-tax state, which means that no matter how much or little your income is, you will be taxed at a rate of 4.50%. Sales taxes have a base rate of 2.9%, but many individual cities will add their own tax.
The weather varies widely between the mountains, which are great for skiiing but pretty cold to live in, and the plains; some cities on the Front Range can get upwards of 300 days of sunshine per year. The average high temperature statewide is about 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The average low is around 36.4 degrees. Most of Colorado is mountains, however, and that means high altitude and dry air. The state of Colorado legalized marijuana in 2012, so there’s been plenty of time to get used to the idea and to put in place rules about where and when and how much can be smoked to prevent the cities from being one big marijuana cloud. The state has a high employment rate compared to other states in America. According to The Denver Post, Colorado’s job market is one of the strongest and most consistent in the nation.
Nevada
Nevada passed 34 laws protecting the rights and safety of its LGBTQ residents from 2009 to 2019. Nevada Vital Records will issue a new birth certificate with a corrected gender without need for surgery; changes to drivers licenses and ID cards are also available, and all three can have an X instead of an M or F. On June 22, 2017, Governor Brian Sandoval vetoed a bill that would have required insurance companies in Nevada to cover all sex reassignment surgery costs. However, Medicaid covers SRS surgeries, and medical providers are not allowed to discriminate based on transgender status. Sandoval did sign three transgender nondiscrimination bills, which prevent discrimination in employment, housing and public accommodations based on gender identity or expression.
Nevada has low crime rates, high security, variety of natural wonders, vibrant nightlife, large casinos, and low tax rates.
With the 20th highest overall cost of living in the country, Nevada residents need to be making at least $30,000 annually to cover expenses. While some cities are cheaper than others, goods and services in Nevada cost 2.5% less than they do on average nationwide. Nevada has no state income tax.
Nevada has a lot of beautiful scenery and outdoor activities, as well as numerous nightlife and casino attractions. However, let’s be real: Nevada is a desert state, meaning it’s hot and dry all summer, while below freezing much of the year at night. If you can’t handle the climate or critters that live in such climate, stay away from Nevada. Otherwise, it’s a real contender on anyone’s list.
Vermont
The home of Bernie Sanders, Vermont allows people to legally change their sex marker on a birth certificate, driver’s license, and state ID to “male, female or X” – based on self determination (without any court order, mental health diagnosis, sexual reassignment surgery, divorce and/or even a medical practitioner’s permission). Since July 1, 2018, Vermont has required all single-user public bathrooms to be marked as gender-neutral. A bill currently in committee, H.89, will protect the right to both abortion and gender-related care in the state.
One of the best things about Vermont is that it offers affordable housing options compared to its neighbors on the East Coast. In fact, the state’s housing costs are 11.5% lower than the national average. The median monthly rent for a studio apartment in Vermont is $772, while a two-bedroom apartment will cost you around $1,089. If you’re looking to save money, stay away from Burlington, which boasts much higher prices. Your monthly utility bill in Vermont will be around 17% higher than the national average. However, internet connectivity is surprisingly low, with only around 70% of the state having internet access at all, and they are paying a premium for it. The average monthly internet bill in Vermont is $83, with only 1.1% of residents paying less than $60 per month. Vermont residents pay more on healthcare, with an average expenditure of $6,103 compared to the national average of $5,640. Vermont has a progressive state income tax ranging from 3.35% to 8.75%, making it one of the states with the highest income tax rates.
The state has a reputation for its people being politically engaged as well as friendly and helpful. There is beautiful scenery for hiking and biking trails, and much of the state is safe from the worst effects of urbanization. That said, it’s very cold much of the year, with snow for a solid five months. There are no billboards, which is nice, but not many large hotel chains, which can be good or bad depending what you’re looking for. Traffic is light and crime rates are low, but the whole state has this “small town” vibe that may or may not be what you’re hoping to find. If you like that sort of thing, this might be the state for you.
Maine
On November 8, 2005, Maine voters agreed to keep in place a law, LD 1196, “An Act to Extend Civil Rights Protections to All People Regardless of Sexual Orientation”, passed by the Legislature and signed by the Governor in the spring of 2005. This law specifically protects transgender people as well as homo- or bi-sexual people. However, health care services related to transition are not covered by many insurers. Changing one’s birth certificate requires a letter from a physician stating that transition has been “completed”, and only last year they removed the requirement to publish all name changes, which outed many transgender individuals. Since November 2019, Maine residents no longer require certification from a medical provider in order to change the gender marker on their driver’s licenses and state ID cards.Three sex options are available on driver’s licenses, birth certificates, and state ID cards: “male”, “female” and “X”.
Maine has the lowest cost of living in New England. The cost of living is only 15% more than the national average. Median salaries lag significantly behind the national average, sometimes by up to 50%. The average salary in Maine is about $58,015 per year, which translates to $4,835 per month and $27.89 per hour. On the lower end, Maine’s minimum wage is $12.75, which helps cap how much absolute poverty there is in the state. The average rent in Maine ranges from $829 to $1,850 per month, depending on the kind of apartment. The average food costs in Maine are about $361 per adult per month. The average utility bill per person in Maine is about $380 per month and $4,560 yearly per household.
Maine is home to many unique properties, including a thriving lumberjack community and the Aurora Borealis, which can sometimes be seen in northern Maine. There are beautiful beaches, and lots of forests, but the population is pretty dense over the course of the state, often surprisingly so. There are also ticks to watch out for, especially if you have pets. And like Vermont, the winters are frigid and snowy. The people have a reputation for being set in their ways, and the population is aging overall, with few young folks coming to live there. But if you’re looking at New England, it’s definitely not a bad place to check out.
Illinois
Illinois is one of three states that recently passed a law designating all public single-occupancy restrooms as gender neutral. Illinois is also one of eight states that have banned LGBTQ “panic” defenses, which the HRC considers an important step towards ending the legitimization of violence against LGBTQ people. It’s particularly great if you have or plan to have kids: last year, the state became the fifth in the U.S. to pass a law requiring schools to teach LGBTQ history and include the positive contributions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people in their curriculum. In January 2023, a bill passed both houses of the Illinois General Assembly to “legally protect and defend gender-affirming care” within Illinois – as well as individuals coming from outside Illinois to seek gender-affirming services inside Illinois. The Governor of Illinois is yet to either sign or veto the awaiting bill heading to the desk.In July 2020, a “third gender” option (known as “X”) became available (alongside “male” and “female”) on birth certificates.[64][65] A similar option will be available on driver’s licenses from 2024.
Illinois enjoyed the 17th lowest cost of living in the United States for 2022, according to the Missouri Economic Research and Information Center. The cost of living in Illinois is 8% lower than the national average, though Chicago in particular has a cost of living 31% higher compared to the state average and 20% higher than in the rest of the U.S, so if you want cheap housing look away from the windy city. Housing is 56% higher in Chicago than in the rest of the nation. The median home price is $539,932 for both downtown Chicago and in the surrounding suburbs. According to the team at GOBankingRates, homeowners need to earn $84,765 per year to live comfortably in Chicago.
But assuming you’re comfortable living somewhere a little more rural, Illinois can be very affordable. The median home cost for the state of Illinois is $183,700, well below the national average of $231,200. Residents looking to rent throughout the state can expect to pay $900 for a one-bedroom apartment, below the national median of $930. The state of Illinois has a flat 4.95% income tax rate. And while Chicago has a cohesive rapid transit system (the “L” train), most residents outside of the city will need to get by with a car. Transportation costs in Illinois are 27% higher than the national average, with gas prices around $3.30 per gallon.
Oregon
Oregon has the highest percent of LGBTQ people in its population, at 5.6%. Oregon law protects you from discrimination based on your sex and sexual orientation, including gender identity. Oregon will let you not only update your records, but protect those updates from being visible to your employer or landlord or whomever might want to discriminate against you.
However, Oregon had 31 hate crimes motivated by gender identity or sexual orientation reported in 2018, one of the highest hate crime rates among states. Portland in particular is home to Proud Boys, and there are nine other hate groups tracked across the state. I just can’t in good conscience suggest moving to a state so riddled with hate, no matter how much antifa there is to protect you.
Alaska
In August 2020, Anchorage passed an ordinance by a vote of 9–2 to ban the use of conversion therapy on minors; the first city in Alaska to do so. And while they don’t have a lot of protections yet, in March, the state’s first-ever out, queer lawmakers sponsored a bill in the Alaska House to enshrine anti-discrimination protections in law. Until that passes, it’s city by city, with Juneau standing out as one that has passed anti-discrimination laws.
But let’s not beat around the bush: Alaska is cold, and it is wild. Alaska consists mostly of snowy temperatures, a vast tundra, snowy mountains, and dense forests. But if you’re the outdoorsy type, the natural splendor of Alaska is astounding, from the snow-capped high peaks of Denali National Park to the magnificent Aleutian Islands, which are home to numerous volcanoes.
It’s not a cheap state, either: Alaska’s average home price is $265,384, slightly higher than the $263,000 U.S. average. Alaska generally has substantially higher utility costs than the rest of the country, with an average cost that is around 33% more than the national average. There is hardly any public transportation, and food has to travel a long way to get to the supermarkets, meaning it tends to be costly and not very fresh.
Hawaii
I put Hawaii on this list solely to issue a warning: natives and locals are begging people not to move to Hawaii. Sacred spaces are being defaced, and the natives are being priced out of being able to remain on their ancestral land. It’s already ridiculous: in Hawaii as of 2023 you need to be earning at least $150k a year to have what on the mainland can be had for $75k/yr. Plus, you can expect a 20% cut in pay or more from what you’re making on the mainland. It’s a bad deal for you and a worse deal for those already living there. Do not attempt.
Conclusion
There are a number of other states to look at, though I don’t have room to look at them all. I personally, for example, have an eye on Michigan, which has the advantage of being close by my current location of Ohio but also rather blue. There’s a large list ranking every state here, but it has less information about each state, so I hope this helped fill in the gap. Stay tuned for a breakdown of countries for those hoping to flee internationally!